Week 2

 What are literature reviews: 

A literature review surveys books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, and by so doing, provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works in relation to the research problem being investigated. 

Our topic: 

Eutrophication 

Some background information of our topic: 

excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to run-off from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life. 

How does Eutrophication occur: 

Eutrophication occurs in 4 simple steps: 

1. Excess nutrients: First, farmers apply fertilizer to the soil.  

2. Algae bloom: Next, the fertilizer rich in nitrate and phosphate spark the overgrowth of algae in water bodies. 

3. Oxygen depletion: When algae forms, it blocks sunlight from entering water and uses up oxygen. 

Our literature reviews: 

No.	Resource Type  Peer-reviewed journals, Internet search engines, books, etc.	Title  Article title, book title, etc.	Author(s)	Methodology  Experimental, non-experimental, survey, interview, qualitative, etc.	Currency of Research  State the year of publication	Main Research Question(s)	Major Finding(s)	Similarity  State any similarity in major findings observed among resources	Identified   Research Gap (if applicable)
1	Article	What is eutrophication? Causes, effects and control	Francesca Scannone	Non-experimental	2016	Formation mechanism    Effects    Controls	When algae start to grow in an uncontrolled manner, an increasingly large biomass is formed which is destined to degrade.	Explains how eutrophication occurs step by step.
2	Article	Aluminium Facts and information	Hans Peterson	Experimental	2020	Why is aluminium added to drinking water during treatment?    Can I remove aluminium from my tap water?	To get the particles in solution to form larger clumps, this negative charge must be neutralized. This can be done by adding positive ions, such as aluminum or ferric ions, which react with the negative particles and form clusters of particles called microflocs.	Explains how the use of aluminium can remove the phosphorus in water.
3	Internet search engines	What is alum and how does it work?	HAB aquatic solutions	Non-experimental	2019	Where does all this phosphorus come from?    Is alum safe?    How does alum affect fish and sea creatures?	Phosphorus enters lakes from two sources. Phosphorus entering the lake from outside sources are called external sources. These sources originate in the watershed and are either directly rinsed into the lake or flow to a stream that enters the lake. Common external sources include lawn fertilizers, septic systems, agricultural practices, stormwater, soil erosion and geese: anything that causes phosphorus to enter the lake from the watershed.	Explains the different ways that generates large amount of phosphorus in the sea.
4	Peer-reviewed journal	Removal of phosphorus from contaminated water sources using composite matrix fabricated from agro-based waste materials	S.Hota  B.B. Kar  Manoranjan Mishra	Experimental	2020	How to remove phosphorus from polluted waters using agro-based waste materials ?	The data revealed that by using an absorbent prepared with 60% rice husk and 40% Coir Pith, it is possible to remove 95% of the phosphate from the contaminated water sources.	Describes a method to absorb phosphorus
5	Internet search engine	Improving Pond water quality through phosphorus reduction	Shannon Junior	Non-experimental	2014	How can I remove phosphorus from my pond?  How do I deal with excessive nutrients in water bodies?	Nutrient management will continue to be a critical issue in both the golf course and lake management industries. While it is true that improved turf management practices, fertilization programs, and integrated pest management strategies can reduce the inputs of nutrients to our surface waterways, eutrophication is an ongoing process that can be slowed but not completely prevented. It is promising that there are mitigation techniques available to reverse the nutrient enrichment that will ultimately continue to occur despite our best efforts.	Explains different methods of removal of phosphorus form pond water as well as the cost to do so.
6	Internet search engines	Detection of phosphorus species in water: technology and strategies	Hongwei Chen   Linlu Zhao  Fabiao Yu  Qiaoling Du	Non-experimental	2019	How to detect total phosphorus in water?	highlights recent advances and future trends in methods of detection of total phosphorus in water, including photoelectric strategies, spectroscopy techniques, and modeling algorithms. These methods effectively explore the dynamic changes of total phosphorus content in complex water environments to reveal important signals in water	Explains the method to detect phosphorus in water bodies using a variety of methods of detection.
7	Internet search engines	Possible solutions for eutrophication.	Ryan hanna	Survey	2019	Whats the big deal about eutrophication?    How can we fix eutrophication?	The most politically plausible option is restoring riparian zones. A riparian zone is a strip of land adjacent to a water body that is covered in foliage. The riparian zone acts as a buffer between the water body and the excess nutrients.	Explains how to prevent eutrophication in many different ways.
8	Internet search engines	Effective adsorption and removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions and eutrophic water by Fe-based MOFs of MIL-101	Qiying Xie, Yan Li, Zhaoling Lv, Hang Zhou, Xiangjun Yang, Jing Chen, Hong Guo	Experimental	2019	How effective is adsorption and removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions and eutrophic water by Fe-based MOFs of MIL-101?	Both MIL-101 (Fe) and NH 2-MIL-101 (Fe) show highly effective removal of phosphates from aqueous solutions, and the concentration of phosphates decrease sharply from the initial 0.60 mg· L− 1 to 0.045 and 0.032 mg· L− 1, respectively, within just 30 min of exposure. Particularly, the prepared Fe-based MIL-101 materials are also capable of adsorbing phosphate in an actual eutrophic water sample and display better removal effect.	Explains the effectives of using Fe-based MOFs of ML-101 to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions.
9	Book	Operation of Water Resource Recovery Facilities, Manual of Practice No. 11, Seventh Edition	The Water Environment Federation	Non-experimental	2017	What are some ways to measure phosphate levels?	The main limiting condition for eutrophication is phosphorus, more specificallybeing orthophosphates.    The main method of detection is colorimetry, mainly molybdovanadate method and ascorbic acid method.	Explains the method to detect phosphorus in water bodies using a variety of methods of detection.
10	Book	Eutrophication: Challenges and Solutions	M. Nasir Khan, Firoz Mohammad	Non-experimental	2014	What are some of the causes of eutrophication?     What are some ways to control the effects of eutrophication?	Excess nutrient inputs to water bodies usually come from sewage, industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, construction sites, and urban areas.    Eutrophication can be minimized by regulating the nutrient sources, reducing the use of fertilizers, proper soil management practices, implementing mathematical models, phytoremediation etc.	Explains the causes of eutrophication